Grading
We use the English grading system which ranges from Poor – FDC as follows:
- Poor –
- Fair –
- Fine – (F)
- Very Fine – (VF)
- Extremely Fine – (EF)
- Uncirculated – (UNC)
- Brilliant Uncirculated – (BU)
- Fleur De Coin – (FDC)
Sometimes the grade is modified by the following prefixes:
- Abt – About (very slightly below the stated grade)
- G – Good
- N – Nearly
- + – Slightly better than
- – Grade is between
- / – Obverse grade before and Reverse graded after
Authenticity
All modern proofs are FDC and cased with certificate of authenticity unless stated otherwise.
Slabbed coins
These coins are contained in a hard plastic case. Most are graded independently by American companies.
- The Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS)
- The Numismatic Guaranty Corporation (NGC)
- Independent Coin Graders (ICG)
- ANACS
They conform to US grading standards which ranges from MS-0 to MS-70 where VF begins at MS-20, EF at MS-40, AU atMS-50 and Unc at MS-60. There is also an English company which slab coins with a range from 1-100.
Abbreviations
- b/ms – Bag Marks
- cld. – Cleaned
- CD – Clear date
- cor. – Corrosion
- cr/m(s) – Crease Marks(s)
- dty. – Dirty
- e/b(s) – Edge bump(s)
- e/k(s) – Edge knock(s)
- h/l(s) – Hairline(s)
- hm – Haymarking
- m/m(s) – Mount Mark(s)
- Obv. – Obverse
- o/w – Otherwise
- ptd. – Pitted
- pgd. – Plugged
- Rev. – Reverse
- scr(s). – Scratch(es)
- sig. – Significant
- sl. – Slight(ly)
- sm. – Small
- sur. – Surface
- t. – Tiny
- vdgs. – Verdigris
- w/o – Without
Reference books
- BCMV = Christopher Eimer – British Commorative Medal and their Values
- ESC = English Silver coinage
- F = Freeman
- K = Krause (& Mishler)
- M = Marsh
- MI = Medallic Illustrations
- N = North
- P = Peck
- S =Spink’s Coins of England and the United Kingdom, or, where appropriate, Spink’s coins of Scotland, Ireland and the Islands.